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Standard Library

XVR provides a standard library for common operations. The stdlib is located in lib/std/.

Using the Standard Library​

include std;​

Include the standard library module:

include std;

This loads the stdlib module for use in your program. Built-in functions like std::print and std::max are automatically available.

Built-in Functions​

These functions are built into the compiler and available without any additional setup:

std::print​

Print output to the console with format string support:

std::print("Hello, World!");
std::print("Value: {}\n", 42);
std::print("int: {} float: {}\n", 42, 3.14);
std::print("{} + {} = {}\n", 1, 2, 3);

The std::print function uses {} placeholders for formatting:

  • {} - Auto-detects type (int, float, string)
  • Use \n in the format string for newlines

Supported types in format placeholders:

  • int - Prints as decimal integer
  • float - Prints as floating point number
  • string - Prints the string content
  • double - Prints as double precision float

std::max​

Returns the greater of two or more values:

var a = std::max(10, 20);              // a = 20
var b = std::max(5, 5);                // b = 5 (returns first if equal)
var c = std::max(-5, 10);              // c = 10
var d = std::max(1.5, 2.5);            // d = 2.5 (works with floats)
var e = std::max(3, 1, 2);             // e = 3 (multiple arguments)
var f = std::max(10, 20, 30, 5);       // f = 30 (up to 4 args O(1), more O(n))
std::print("max: {}\n", std::max(2221, 2313));  // prints: 2313

Supported types:

  • int - Integer values (uses signed comparison)
  • float - Single precision floating point
  • double - Double precision floating point

Requirements:

  • 1-8 arguments supported
  • All arguments must be the same type (int or float)

Complexity:

  • 1-4 arguments: O(1) - constant time with unrolled comparisons
  • 5+ arguments: O(n) - linear time with loop

String Concatenation​

XVR supports both compile-time and runtime string concatenation:

// Compile-time (both operands are literals - constant-folded)
var msg = "Hello, " + "World!";  // "Hello, World!" at compile time

// Runtime (at least one operand is a variable/procedure param)
var name = "Rusdi";
var greeting = "Hello, " + name;  // uses runtime string_concat proc

Module Structure​

The standard library is organized into modules:

  • lib/std/std.mod - Main std module
  • lib/std/io.mod - IO module

Future Modules​

Planned modules:

  • std/io - Input/Output operations
  • std/string - String manipulation
  • std/memory - Memory management
  • std/math - Mathematical functions
  • std/fs - File system operations
  • std/collections - Data structures